Technology And Its Impact On Art - 1388 Words

In today’s society, technology and art go hand in hand. Art has been around for a long time but technology such as computers are still very new. These two mediums have comingled and now evolve and effect the other. Art has changed to reflect the vast improvements technology has contributed to communication and the ability to create using digital space. Technology has also changed with artist pushing the boundaries of what is technical possible in the digital realm. Much of today’s art is created and presented in digital formats. The question of whether digital art is truly art has risen among many critics in the art community. Computer art usually refers to any form of graphic art or digital imagery that was created with the aid of a computer. Computer art which curators today call digital art or new media art started to emerge in the 1950 and focused mainly on geometric shapes in random combinations. Many critics at the time questioned whether computer art could in fa ct be called art. Critics wondered whether computer art could still convey concepts of â€Å"meaning†, â€Å"expression†, and â€Å"form†. Early computer was much different from the computers we know today. Artist were not interested in computers for art in their earliest designs. The earliest computers did not have monitors and were massive machines that filled large rooms. An example of such a computer, the ENAIC that was developed at the University of Pennsylvania in the 1940s was the most powerful computer at theShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Technology On The Performing Arts2832 Words   |  12 PagesWithin the Performing Arts Module Co-ordinator: Kenny Forbes Word Count: 2567 I B00191107 certify that all material in this essay / assignment which is not my own is duly acknowledged. I have read and understand the section in the programme handbook dealing with plagiarism. Introduction This essay will be an analysis of the opportunities available to creative musician in two distinct eras, pre-1999 and the present day. The essay will examine the impact of technology upon the music industryRead MoreDigital Art: The Central Point Between Technology and Art Essay751 Words   |  4 PagesThe digital Art is the central point between Technology and Art with a great impact to new development on presentation and communication to viewers. This concern the application of digital technology and the use of article to give information through art work. The impact of technology within an arts context lies above all in the fact that the technology is used to beauty Viewers who see how technology is used, begin to realize that it can be used in creative and other ways than were intended. InRead MoreWalter Benjamin The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction1450 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Ã¢â‚¬ËœThe Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction’: how has the r eproduction of images changed the development of art? Identify three works of your choice to support your argument. This essay will start from Walter Benjamin’s consideration about the impact of mechanical reproduction of art as revolutionizing its social function and will describe the noticeable validity of his theory in the contemporary world. By introducing three artworks that belong to different historical periods, namelyRead MoreThe Natural Sciences And The Arts1179 Words   |  5 Pagesconsidered when discussing progress in reference to the natural sciences and the arts. Reason and imagination play an important role in both understanding and comparing progress in the natural sciences and the arts but, while the imaginative insights of a scientist must ultimately be provable, those of artists need only to be reasonable. The interactions between these ways of knowing vary between the natural sciences and the arts, therefore the definition of progress will differ in each area of knowledgeRead MoreThe Classic Works Of Strategy1354 Words   |  6 Pagesthe theory of strategy, studies wit h varied meanings for all purposes, technologies, places, and times are increasingly rare. In the past 2,400 years, only 3 classic works are significant on this subject and no more than five have an enduring value (Rousseau, 2011). Sun-Tzu’s classic work on The Art of War is one such classic works basing on strategic theory that has implications for all purposes, places, times, and technologies. Sun-Tzu wrote his book in China in ca. 400 BC during the era of â€Å"WarringRead MoreBrief Description Of Technology And Assisted Reproductive Technology1453 Words   |  6 PagesBrief description of technology Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) refers to the technology  used to assist human  reproduction  for individuals who are infertile (inability to conceive after trying for at least 12 months). Assisted Reproductive Technologies are categorized as HardwareThere are a variety of assisted reproductive technologies that are used to help couples reproduce: †¢ In vitro fertilization (IVF) – this is fertilization outside of the body. IVF is the most effective and the mostRead MoreStan Vanderbeek: Master of Machine Stan Vanderbeek considered himself to be a â€Å"technological fruit1100 Words   |  5 Pagesavailable in 1955, Vanderbeek’s curiosity piqued at the potential as an art form since he was a â€Å"technically oriented film-artist.† The year 1964 signaled his initial experiments with the new medium and he has since produced many works that have contributed to the field of motion graphics. Vanderbeek’s uncouth techniques and ideas led him to be an uncommon, yet substantial contributor to the development of digital media as an art form. Throughout his career, Vanderbeek would consistently work withRead MoreArt Is Inspirational : Art And Math Based Learning1345 Words   |  6 PagesArt is inspirational. Art is educational. Art is essential. Not acknowledging art is equivalent to ignoring creative minds, creative processes, and creative solutions. Students have been forced to act as imitators, mirroring their teachers’ movements and ideas. Which leads to a limited creative outlet left for those children taught in a Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics, also known as STEM, environment. Therefore, the arts should be added to the STEM program to encourage the integrationRead MoreContemporary Art Issues: Digital Art in Malaysia1334 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Digital art started around 1952 in US when Ben F. Laposky produced Oscillon Number Four. Artist always eager to produce something that beyond limitation of technology and mostly, artist at that time is computer programmer because no graphic software was available at that time. Herbert W. Franke, John Withney Sr. and Ben F. Laposky are one of the pioneers in digital art. Ben Laposky has created first graphic image generated by an analog machine. A mathematician and artist from IowaRead MoreAn Investigation into the Social Aspect of Digital Cinematography1420 Words   |  6 Pagesdigital cinematography. Motion picture was developed in the 1890’s and exploded in popularity over the next 40 years. This was mainly due to it being a new form of audio and visual entertainment. Theater was popular because it was a marvel of modem technology, relatively cheap, and, above all, provided patrons with an escape from their difficult lives. It means the everyday men and women now had a place to go to relax and be entertained. This gave the working class a chance to escape their hardships

What is Art Integrating - 984 Words

What is Art Integration? First, let us begin by defining what exactly art integration is. According to the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, art integration can be defined as â€Å"an approach to teaching in which students construct and demonstrate understanding through an art form. Students engage in a creative process which connects an art form and another subject area and meets evolving objectives in both† (Silverstein Layne, 2010). With this definition, we know that art integration is not simply drawing a picture of Goldilocks after reading Goldilocks and the Three Bears. It has to reach much deeper than that for the student to be able to show that they truly understand the subject matter they are on. Being that the†¦show more content†¦How Will Students Benefit Arts integration is a powerful way to help students learn, as it helps them develop critical thinking skills. With art integration, the students cannot give cut and dry answers to the questions in the classroom, they have to think and they have to apply what they know about the subject matter. Some concepts in subjects such as math and physics may be hard to grab and just explaining to students and giving them the steps may not work for everyone. Some concepts are better learned with visual hands on objects and making models. I have also seen how easily bored students of all ages can get when learning, integrating arts gets them to think creatively and it influences learning on an entirely different level. Integrating arts will also help the student that is a more kinesthetic learner. It can help the visual and auditory learner as well to further grasp a deeper understanding of the concept. Instead of using exams and papers to test the students’ knowledge of subject matter, a form of art can be used to assess the students’ comprehension. Some students get anxious when they have a test coming, and even if they know all of the information, they can still not showcase what they know on the test. Since the goal of the classroom is to make sure all students are learning and retaining what they have learned, using integrated arts to assess theShow MoreRelatedEvaluation Of An Integrated Lesson Plan901 Words   |  4 Pages Through the lesson plans that we developed, I’ve learned how to implement art that is developmentally appropriate, meaningful, and challenging for students. The integration of art must be meaningful to the lesson but also challenging for the students. The integrated lesson plan must also consider a diverse classroom, allowing all students equal access to what is being taught. Most importantly, art experiences must help each child meet challenging and achievable learning goals. As teachers, we mustRead MoreArts Integrated Into T he Curriculum931 Words   |  4 PagesUniversity Of West Florida Arts Integrated Into the Curriculum Who doesn’t love to have fun while they are learning? While most would answer that with a yes some may say, there is no way to make learning fun. The arts consist of dance, music, visual arts, or even theater. If we used the fine arts to teach the core subjects (math, science, or language arts) you might just realize that learning can be fun. Art integration sometimes is not used due to lack of funding, or even teacher experience thatRead MoreDifferent Types Of Instructions For An Effective Teacher1031 Words   |  5 PagesFurthermore, in EDEL 450, the focus in on integrating the arts in the classroom instruction. In this class, I learned the benefits that students reap when a creative teacher successfully integrate the arts in his/her instructional methods. Integrating the arts improves student’s engagement and motivation. It promotes creativity and allows students a means to visualize concepts, ideas, and skills. Student’s achievement levels rise when dra ma, music, visual, art, dance and movement are integrated inRead MoreOur Worldview Into The Classroom, A Secular And Christian School Environment930 Words   |  4 Pagesencourage our students to take a good look at them self and really examine what they believe their worldview is. This being said, we really need to understand what a worldview is, why integrating our worldview into the classroom is so important, what it really means when someone talk about integrating, and how a teacher can begin to develop worldview integrative activities in a secular and Christian school environment. I. What is a worldview? A â€Å"worldview is a set of beliefs or truth claims that formRead More Integrating Curriculum, NY Essay1045 Words   |  5 PagesIntegrating Curriculum, NY Integrating curriculum is important in the teaching of subjects and the learning of material. The integrating of curriculum allows for many different disciplines to be applied at the same time yielding more topics to be learned at once. But how does it work? The point of this paper is to answer the question how and to shed some light on the ideas of integrated curriculum. In the integration of curriculum, teachers teach more than one subject area at the same timeRead MoreImportance of Art Education Essay1410 Words   |  6 PagesThe arts are everywhere in our lives and have always been an important part of human daily experiences. The arts also are an enormous economic force in our world from fashion to design to the entertainment business; all are multibillion-dollar industries. Numerous studies have shown a positive correlation between a balanced and comprehensive education in the arts and high student standardized tests. A comprehensive arts education program helps students develop self-esteem, self-discipline, cooperativeRead More Integrating Technology in the Language Arts Classroom Essay719 Words   |  3 PagesIntegrating Technology in the Language Arts Classroom School leaders today are under extreme pressure to improve student achievement levels. Yet, in the face of tight budgets, threats to cut extra-curricular activities, and an extensive shortage of textbooks in the schools, exactly what are teachers supposed to do to ensure that â€Å"no child is really left behind.† Despite what looks like a dead end, there is hope. By integrating the usage of technology in the Language Arts classroom, studentsRead MoreIntegration Of Arts And The Arts798 Words   |  4 PagesIntegration of Arts Paper The incorporation of music, movement, and the arts is critical to a young child’s learning, growth and development. Each of these creative arts allow children to make meaningful connections and retain the information being taught in the classroom. It also allows for children to focus more in the classroom and it improve their behavior as well. Multiple intelligences also play a role in music, movement, and the arts. By using these creative arts in the classroom, educatorsRead MoreRationale for Integrating the Arts1272 Words   |  6 PagesIntegrating the arts across the curriculum is an innovative, yet effective educational process by which students learn through the arts. The programs intent is not to necessarily teach the arts, but to use them within the regular curricula. The activities use art as the catalyst to make learning meaningful and motivating. Students learn best when they are actively learning. The arts provide opportunities in which students are actively invol ved in learning. Students are more likely to retain knowledgeRead MoreMagic is More than Tricks and Illussions818 Words   |  3 PagesWhat is magic? Most people think magic is just used in performing tricks, illusions, or stunts, but how many people consider using magic as a way of teaching in the classroom? Although magicians and magic have been around for many years dating back to the seventeenth century, magic has just recently been discovered as a teaching tool for the classroom and has shown to have a positive impact. Can the art of magic be useful for both entertainment and education? Recent research has shown that tricks

Lorenz Curve free essay sample

In the diagram above, the ratio of the area between the diagonal and the Lorenz curve, to the total area under the diagonal is known as the Gini Coefficient. However, despite its simplicity there are numerous limitations to this curve. Firstly, the Lorenz curve is based on the data relating to money income rather than disposable income. It does not take into consideration personal income taxes, social security deductions, subsidies received by the poor families etc. Moreover, the data are converted to a per capita basis to adjust for differences in average family size within each quantile (5th) or decile (10th) group of the population. As a consequence, smaller families may sometimes be shown better off than large ones with greater incomes. Furthermore, the measurement of income inequality with a Lorenz curve shows income distribution only at a given time and therefore does not take into consideration lifetime income. For instance, the income of a sports man and of a lecturer may be about the same over their lifetimes. We will write a custom essay sample on Lorenz Curve or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page But the income of the lecturer may be spread over a number of years say for 40 years whereas that of sports man may be realized in 10 years. Hence, the two incomes are likely to be highly unequal in a given year. Moreover, the construction of a Lorenz curve does not consider the ages of the persons, who receives income. The income of a young individual who enters jobs recently those in mid-career and of old people who have retired are not the same. But the Lorenz curve does not distinguish incomes by ages and reflects inequalities across all ages. It is therefore not correct to group the incomes of the people belonging to different age groups for measuring income inequality. Besides, the Lorenz Curve or the Gini Coefficient doe not highlight the growth of income. For instance, Country A could be bridging the disparities in income gradually over the past 10 years, however their progression is not highlighted by the Lorenz curve and therefore could make it seem like the inequalities are in fact increasing with respect to other countries. Additionally, there could be problems with measurements since comparing income distributors among countries may be difficult because benefits systems differ from country to country. Further, the measurements will give different results when applied to individuals instead of households or simply, there could be difficulties in the statistics since there may be random and systematic errors in the date due to different data collection techniques by different countries. Thus, this essay highlights how despite perceptive appeal and straightforwardness there are numerous limitations to the Lorenz curve.

The Life Of Anna Arkadyevna Karenina English Literature Essay free essay sample

Alexei Alexandrovich Karenin A -A Anna s hubby, a high-level authorities curate and one of the most of import work forces in St. Petersburg. Karenin is formal and duty-bound. He is cowed by societal convention and invariably presents a unflawed facade of a cultivated and capable adult male. There is something empty about about everything Karenin does in the novel, nevertheless: he reads poesy but has no poetic sentiments, he reads universe history but seems unusually shockable. He can non be accused of being a hapless hubby or male parent, but he shows small tenderness toward his married woman, Anna, or his boy, Seryozha. He fulfills these household functions as he does other responsibilities on his list of societal duties. Karenin s primary motive in both his calling and his personal life is self-preservation. When he out of the blue forgives Anna on what he believes may be her deathbed, we see a intimation of a deeper Karenin ready to emerge. We will write a custom essay sample on The Life Of Anna Arkadyevna Karenina English Literature Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Ultimately, nevertheless, the bland administrative official remains the lone Karenin we know. Alexei Kirillovich VronskyA -A A wealthy and darting military officer whose love for Anna prompts her to abandon her hubby and boy. Vronsky is passionate and caring toward Anna but clearly disappointed when their matter forces him to give up his dreams of calling promotion. Vronsky, whom Tolstoy originally modeled on the Romantic heroes of an earlier age of literature, has something of the idealistic lone wolf in him. Yet there is a dark topographic point at the nucleus of his personality, as if Tolstoy refuses to allow us acquire excessively close to Vronsky s true nature. Indeed, Tolstoy gives us far less entree to Vronsky s ideas than to other major characters in the novel. We can neer rather bury Vronsky s early jilting of Kitty Shcherbatskaya, and we wonder whether he feels guilt about about destroying her life. Even so, Vronsky is more saintly than diabolic at the terminal of the novel, and his intervention of Anna is faultless, even if his feelings toward her cool a spot. Konstantin Dmitrich LevinA -A A socially awkward but generous-hearted landholder who, along with Anna, is the co-protagonist of the novel. Whereas Anna s chase of love terminals in calamity, Levin s long wooing of Kitty Shcherbatskaya finally ends in a happy matrimony. Levin is rational and philosophical but applies his thought to practical affairs such as agribusiness. He aims to be sincere and productive in whatever he does, and resigns from his station in local authorities because he sees it as useless and bureaucratic. Levin is a front man in the novel for Tolstoy himself, who modeled Levin and Kitty s wooing on his ain matrimony. Levin s declaration of religion at the terminal of the novel sums up Tolstoy s ain strong beliefs, taging the start of the deeply spiritual stage of Tolstoy s life that followed his completion of Anna Karenina. Ekaterina Alexandrovna Shcherbatskaya ( Kitty ) A -A A beautiful immature adult female who is courted by both Levin and Vronsky, and who finally marries Levin. Modeled on Tolstoy s real-life married woman, Kitty is sensitive and possibly a spot overprotected, shocked by some of the petroleum worlds of life, as we see in her horror-stricken response to Levin s private journals. But despite her indifference to rational affairs, Kitty displays great bravery and compassion in the face of decease when caring for Levin s deceasing brother Nikolai. Stepan Arkadyich Oblonsky ( Stiva ) A -A Anna s brother, a pleasure-loving blue blood and minor authorities functionary whose matter with his kids s governess about destroys his matrimony. Stiva and Anna portion a common inclination to put personal fulfilment over societal responsibilities. Stiva is incorrigible, continuing from his matter with the governess-which his married woman, Dolly, uprightly forgives-to a affair with a danseuse. For Tolstoy, Stiva s moral laxness symbolizes the corruptnesss of big-city St. Petersburg life and contrasts with the powerful moral scruples of Levin. However, despite his evildoings, the amiable Stiva is a hard character to contemn. Darya Alexandrovna Oblonskaya ( Dolly ) A -A Stiva s married woman and Kitty s older sister. Dolly is one of the few people who behave kindly toward Anna after her matter becomes public. Dolly s sympathetic response to Anna s state of affairs and her restrained esteem for Anna s effort to populate her life to the full intimation at the positive facets of Anna s experience. Well acquainted with the adversities of marriage and maternity, Dolly is, more than anyone else in the novel, in a place to appreciate what Anna has left behind by go forthing with Vronsky. The fresh clears with the painful disclosure that Dolly s hubby has betrayed her, and her even more painful consciousness that he is non really penitent. Sergei Alexeich Karenin ( Seryozha ) A -A Karenin and Anna s immature boy. Seryozha is a good-natured male child, but his male parent treats him in cold blood after larning of Anna s matter. Anna shows her devotedness to Seryozha when she risks everything to mouse back into the Karenin family merely to convey birthday nowadayss to her boy. Nikolai Dmitrich LevinA -A Levin s sickly, thin brother. The rationalism Nikolai is mostly estranged from his brothers, but over the class of the novel he starts to pass more clip with Levin. Nikolai is representative of broad societal idea among certain Russian intellectuals of the period ; his reformed-prostitute girlfriend, Marya Nikolaevna, is populating cogent evidence of his unconventional, radically democratic point of view. Sergei Ivanovich Koznyshev A -A Levin s stepbrother, a celebrated rational and author whose believing Levin has trouble following. Koznyshev embodies cold intellectualism and is unable to encompass the comprehensiveness of life, as we see when he can non convey himself to suggest to Varenka. Agafya Mikhailovna A -A Levin s former nurse, now his sure housekeeper. Countess Vronsky A -A Vronsky s judgmental female parent. Alexander Kirillovich Vronsky A -A Vronsky s brother. Varvara Vronsky A -A Alexander Vronsky s married woman. Prince Alexander Dmitrievich Shcherbatsky A -A The practical blue blood male parent of Kitty, Dolly, and Natalie. Prince Shcherbatsky favours Levin over Vronsky as a possible hubby for Kitty. Princess Shcherbatskaya A -A Kitty, Dolly, and Natalie s female parent. Princess Shcherbatskaya ab initio urges Kitty to prefer Vronsky over Levin as a suer. Countess Lydia Ivanovna A -A A morally unsloped adult female who is ab initio Anna s friend and subsequently her fiercest critic. Hypocritically, the spiritual Lydia Ivanovna can non convey herself to forgive or even to talk to the fallen adult female Anna. Lydia Ivanovna harbors a secret love for Karenin, and induces him to believe in and trust on psychics. Elizaveta Fyodorovna Tverskaya ( Betsy ) A -A A affluent friend of Anna s and Vronsky s cousin. Betsy has a repute for wild life and moral diarrhea. Marya Nikolaevna A -A A former cocotte saved by Nikolai Levin, whose comrade she becomes. Madame Stahl A -A A apparently devout invalid adult female whom the Shcherbatskys meet at a German watering place. Madame Stahl appears righteous and pious, but Prince Shcherbatsky and others doubt her motives. Varvara Andreevna ( Varenka ) A -A A pure and exalted immature adult female who becomes Kitty s friend at the German watering place. Varenka, who is a protegee of Madame Stahl, about receives a matrimony proposal from Koznyshev. Yashvin A -A Vronsky s wild friend from the ground forces. Yashvin has a leaning for losing big amounts of money at chancing. Nikolai Ivanovich Sviyazhsky A -A A friend of Levin who lives in a faraway state. Fyodor Vassilyevich Katavasov A -A Levin s rational friend from his university yearss. Vasenka Veslovsky A -A A immature, pleasant, slightly dandified adult male whom Stiva brings to see Levin. The attendings Veslovsky lavishes on Kitty make Levin jealous. LandauA -A A Gallic psychic who instructs Karenin to reject Anna s supplication for a divorce.

Free Essays on E-business@ Grainger

E-business @ Grainger The Internet is growing exponentially and many businesses are throwing up web sites looking to secure their share of E-commerce. Some of these companies have "brick and mortar" establishments and some only exist in the digital world. In either case, their marketing efforts will most likely determine the success of their Internet site. The marketing effort or strategy for their Internet site will most likely be significantly different from that of their "brick and mortar" site. Grainger Industrial Supply is a company that for the past 70+ years has built its business through its "brick and mortar" sites. In 1995, Grainger moved into the digital world and established grainger.com. In 1996 Grainger began taking orders online and fully immersed itself in e-commerce. Still, it was not until 1998 that the company recognized the need for different marketing strategies for the traditional branch based business and the new digital based one. Grainger Industrial Supply started business in the 1920's selling products through a catalog and over the last 70+ years has steadily grown. The catalog, which once held 100 items now, contains over 81,000 items only a fraction of the total number available for purchase. To support the growing business over 370 branches nation wide have been established along with 10 distribution centers to keep the product flowing. Grainger's marketing strategy for this business has been to grow sales through catalog purchases and personal selling. Approximately 732,000 catalogs were mailed to customers in 1999 and more than 1,800 full time outside sales representatives carry the message to customers that Grainger Industrial Supply is ready to find solutions to their maintenance, repair, and operating (MRO) needs (Grainger, Inc., 2000). Another 10,000 branch based employees stand ready to help the 2.1 million customers in complete their transactions. While direct mailing of the catalog and personal ... Free Essays on E-business@ Grainger Free Essays on E-business@ Grainger E-business @ Grainger The Internet is growing exponentially and many businesses are throwing up web sites looking to secure their share of E-commerce. Some of these companies have "brick and mortar" establishments and some only exist in the digital world. In either case, their marketing efforts will most likely determine the success of their Internet site. The marketing effort or strategy for their Internet site will most likely be significantly different from that of their "brick and mortar" site. Grainger Industrial Supply is a company that for the past 70+ years has built its business through its "brick and mortar" sites. In 1995, Grainger moved into the digital world and established grainger.com. In 1996 Grainger began taking orders online and fully immersed itself in e-commerce. Still, it was not until 1998 that the company recognized the need for different marketing strategies for the traditional branch based business and the new digital based one. Grainger Industrial Supply started business in the 1920's selling products through a catalog and over the last 70+ years has steadily grown. The catalog, which once held 100 items now, contains over 81,000 items only a fraction of the total number available for purchase. To support the growing business over 370 branches nation wide have been established along with 10 distribution centers to keep the product flowing. Grainger's marketing strategy for this business has been to grow sales through catalog purchases and personal selling. Approximately 732,000 catalogs were mailed to customers in 1999 and more than 1,800 full time outside sales representatives carry the message to customers that Grainger Industrial Supply is ready to find solutions to their maintenance, repair, and operating (MRO) needs (Grainger, Inc., 2000). Another 10,000 branch based employees stand ready to help the 2.1 million customers in complete their transactions. While direct mailing of the catalog and personal ...

Dont believe these 4 money saving myths

Dont believe these 4 money saving myths When we think of money and our grand financial plans- both short-term and long-term- we tend to cling to those old, time-tested maxims about saving money that we’ve heard over and over again, starting from when we were young and filling up our first piggy banks. We assume that most of these maxims are true- after all, they’ve withstood the test of time and if we hear something enough times from enough people we tend to accept them at face value. But†¦have you ever stopped and thought about whether or not these money-saving notions are actually true, or still hold up in today’s economy? Let’s take a closer look at some common money saving myths, and see if they still hold up.1. Debt is bad.Who hasn’t been told early on by someone in a trusted position that â€Å"debt is bad† and that we should always strive to live a life of total economic freedom, unshackled by the evil forces of debt, which only serves to cripple us financially. If this was something you simply accepted as true- think again.Responsible debt, which means borrowing money or utilizing credit within a range that makes realistic financial sense for you and your economic situation, is actually an effective way to establish a good credit history, and lets you build sound long-term financial habits and behaviors. Getting comfortable assuming debt, which can help you build your abilities with handling maintaining regular repayment schedules and understanding interest rates and other key financial terms, can really help set you up for responsibly handling future loans, purchases, and investments.2. Buying cheaper is smarter.Lots of us are guilty of this one- when considering a purchase we research a wide range of options at various prices and convince ourselves that the cheapest option is the most financially responsible choice. After all, we’re saving money, aren’t we? Well†¦maybe not.The truth is, it’s only sometimes true that pu rchasing the cheapest option is the smart approach. Why? Because it’s often true that cheaper isn’t better and you’ll wind up spending more money in the long run on replacements for the cheaper item when it breaks vs. buying the more expensive, higher quality item that lasts first.3. Owning is better than renting.This notion is about as old as the first mortgage and as pervasive as it gets†¦but is it true? Like many things in life, this isn’t so black and white, and the actual answer is†¦maybe.The truth is, it depends on your situation. While it’s often true that using your money towards paying a mortgage and owning property is a smart move when compared to paying rent to help someone else who owns the property, you have to keep in mind that owning property comes with many additional expenses, including property tax, land tax, and maintenance and upkeep fees, which renters often don’t have to worry about. So, depending on your fina ncial situation and resources, buying a house may also be buying you a set of financial concerns that you may not be ready to take on.Furthermore, the terms of a mortgage can vary wildly, and as we’ve seen during the recent mortgage crisis and housing bubble, depending on your mortgage things can get financially risky fast. The bottom line: it’s in your best interest to take a full, in-depth financial inventory before determining if buying or renting make sense for you right now.4. You don’t have to save money until I’m older.Many younger people fall prey to this notion, that they have plenty of time in the future to start worrying about saving money and being financially responsible. After all, isn’t it the privilege of youth to be carefree and irresponsible, and worry about the important stuff like money when they’re older?It might not surprise you that this is an extremely shortsighted and foolhardy approach to money saving. The truth is, it’s never too soon to start saving money and developing sound financial habits. Furthermore, once you get into the mindset that you can put something off until later, it only gets easier to keep operating under this principle, and later can quickly become too late.The truth revealedOkay, so now you know the truth- some of those old money-saving myths we’ve all been told may or may not hold up for you, depending on your current financial situation and short- and long-term financial goals. That said, make sure to always take stock of your current financial situation and outlook when making any serious financial decision, and if you can consult with a financial expert, even better. Good luck!

Halecar and Mid Lans Automotive Two cultures merge Coursework

Halecar and Mid Lans Automotive Two cultures merge - Coursework Example s starting from recruitment and selection of staffs to managing performance, eliminating employee dissatisfaction, bringing advancement in training and development as well as controlling issues relating to equity and diversity of the employees (Armstrong, 2012). As a result of growing competition and technological advancement, more and more firms tend to merge with comparatively strong firms in order to protect their existence and to enjoy economic and technological advantages arising out of strong background of the companies merged with. However, as a result of such amalgamation the employees of two different companies experience difference in terms of rules and regulations, working procedure, employee benefits as well as different working culture. Hence, employees of one organization are bound to adopt the cultural practices of the other organization. If not controlled properly, such incidents may lead to serious consequences for the newly merged company in terms of employee dissat isfaction, employee turnover, reduced production and profitability (Legge, 2005). Therefore, human resource team should take corrective actions in timely manner for organizations to sustain in the long run and to enjoy advantages arising out of merger. Halecar is a long established UK based Automotive Manufacturing Company producing British cars for well known Indian Company, Tutu (Excerpt from case study). However, with the decline in the UK car industry, Halecar started experiencing rapid detriment in their production and the company ceased to exist. Workforce had been reduced and the only source of revenue was the Indian Company, Tutu for which they manufactured Nano, the cheapest passenger car in the world. Further pressure from the Indian company as well, to bring efficiency in production process and to shift production to 3 lines on a 24 hour basis, led the management to impiment structural changes into the organization. On 1st of August, 2014, Managing Director of Halecar

Management Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Management - Coursework Example The example given by Ezell helps explore the question under discussion (Clawson, 2012).  Laura Dickson has comprehensively discussed the ways in which leaders can recognize talents. Laura highlights the role of human resources, which form a crucial part of an organization’s talents (Clawson, 2012).  This argument mirrors on the realization of the role that other people can play in the organization. In my understanding, the discussion by Smith majorly outlines the role of other stakeholders (such as employees) in the recognition of talents. However, the use of such strategies as promotion does not necessarily mean that talents will be easily recognizable (Clawson, 2012).  In the discussion, the main elements that help in the attainment of an organization’s vision are discussed. This discussion explores how leaders can build teams from individuals who possess multiple skills (Clawson, 2012).  As stated in the discussion, it is crucial to listen to the personal sto ry of the employees in order to ascertain what the employee likes or does not like (Clawson, 2012). However, this may not be an effective strategy as the reasons were given by some employees may not be valid.  This discussion has completely discussed the strategies that can be employed to influence employees who lack motivation, as well as unwillingness. The discussion is helpful; as it highlights the role played by effective leadership when it comes to influencing others in the workplace (Clawson, 2012).  This discussion gives a comprehensive overview of the ways through which leadership can be strengthened in organizations. I agree with the argument that leaders ought to take time to know their teams.

Campus Recreation Essay Example for Free

Campus Recreation Essay Sheer volume of participants and diversity of facilities make this an exciting area Def – a program that provides facilities and activities to those that go to school or work at a high school, college or university Intended to promote wellness and develop life long skills Can serve the local community through special memberships or facility rentals Campus recreation gains thousands of new participants every year loses thousands as well Participation can have a significant impact on the campus environment Approx 75% of students participate in campus rec High campus participation can be related to higher GPA Facilities are used to recruit student athletes and potential faculty/staff Individual involvement in has been reported to produce 3 benefits: improved emotional well-being, reduced stress improved happiness Correctional Recreation. Role that recreation plays in correctional facilities varies but there are some standard approaches that have been used throughout North America: Access to appropriate forms of recreation should not be denied Goal of incarceration is to prepare offenders for release and since recreation is part of a normal balanced lifestyle, it must be incorporated into correctional facilities Correctional facilities have a responsibility to â€Å"work† the whole person, which involves the mental, social, physical and spiritual needs of prisoners 1. Develop acceptable outlets for stress – inmates learn to identify and practice acceptable way to relieve stress 2. Identify activities that serve as alternates to addictions – replace time previously devoted to drug use with rec activities 3. Foster interpersonal skills – learn cooperation and team work through rec programs 4. Develop a new sense of purpose – help to guide thinking and future behaviour 5. Enhanced self-esteem – positive rec activities will improve this 6. Foster new interests – provides an outlet to new experiences 7. Awareness of personal needs – recreation can provide appropriate ways to satisfy specific needs 8. Develop decision-making/problem solving skills – recreation allows participants to experience and process the impact of their decisions 9. Develop a possible career – creative skills can be identified and channelled (e. g. music, writing) Worksite Recreation s the offering of recreational activities through the workplace Programs are offered before work, at lunch or after work. Employers have learned that the investments they make in employee health/wellness have a positive benefit financially Benefits employer in recruitment and retention of employees Reduced health care claims Reduced absenteeism Enhanced business image within community Armed Forces Recreation Military recreation programs are founded on 7 principles: 1. Provide inclusive, creative diversified recreation 2. Address physical, emotional social interests 3. Making optimal use of their resources 4. Leadership development 5. Create opportunities for individual and group growth 6. Nurture partnerships with other rec organizations 7. Ensure that rec services are governed in accordance with Canadian military financial management policies Defining Culture Consists of 3 attributes: religion, language social/arts activities Culture influences what we do and how we do it Culture helps to understand our behaviours, attitudes and mindsets Multiculturalism Act (July 1988) – Commits the Gov.. of Canada to assist communities and institutions in bringing about equal access and participation for all Canadians in the economic, social, cultural political life of the nation 1. Ethnicity Theory – Differences in leisure choices is due to ethnicity, cultural values preferences 2. Sociodemographic Theory – Differences in ethnic group participation are actually due to differences in age, education income 3. Opportunity-choice Theory – Considers leisure participation to be influenced by both ethnicity sociodemographic factors Aboriginal People Recreation can be used as a means to alleviate social problems Within the Aboriginal community recreation is recognized as a way to combat: Youth criminal involvement. Teen pregnancy Alcohol abuse Family violence Unemployment It fills the free time of the youth Expenses Structural Expenses – expenses associated with maintaining or improving the physical structure of the facility/site Gross Income – the total amount of money generated over a specified amount of time Net Income – the remaining funds after all expenses have been paid (profit) Fees/Charges Rentals Donations Sponsorships Budgeting – Four types of operating budgets: Line-item Budget Object Classification Budget Program Budget. Performance Budget Recreation Facility Management Management an art that coordinates the efforts of people to accomplish goals and objectives using available resources efficiently and effectively Recreation Facility Management is an interdisciplinary field devoted to the coordination of space, infrastructure, people and organization, often associated with the administration of office blocks, arenas, schools, convention centers, shopping complexes, hospitals hotels employees, money, equipment and facilities marketing Def. – the effort to reach and audience to deliver them a product/service Marketing can be divided into the 4 P’s: Product, Promotion, Price Place Special Recreation Special Recreation – a recreational service that takes place in a public community setting to provide enjoyment and to challenge and enrich people with disabilities Special Olympics ;Provides sports opportunities to people with intellectual disabilities More then 3 million participants worldwide Includes more then 25 sports (swimming, track field) Paralympics. Largest sporting event in the world for people with physical disabilities 21 sports 6 categories – visual impairments, intellectual disabilities, amputation, spinal-cord injuries, cerebral palsy â€Å"les autres† First Paralympics held in 1960 in Rome Offers disabled war veterans an area of sport to develop after injuries Outward Bound Developed in Wales in 1941 Believes young men women must face increasingly complex situation in which self-esteem confidence are at a premium Prepares people to face difficult natural environments. Programs for special needs youth developed in 1970’s focusing on strengthening mental aspect and self-confidence VSA Arts International non-profit dedicated to creating a society in which people with disabilities can learn through, participate in enjoy the arts Offer innovative programs on local, national international levels (e. g. Training institutes, arts camps award programs Therapeutic Recreation Purposeful selection of recreation activities to reach a goal 2. Enhancement of independent functioning through recreation participation 3. Quality of life, wellness, optimal health as core concerns 4. Focus on the individual in the context of their own environment TR Process Assessment . Planning Implementation . Evaluation Recreation Sport Management Participation in rec sports surpasses that of all other rec activities In 2009 77% of Canadians 6 yrs and older participated in some form of sport or fitness activity Once considered only a diversion from work, sport has become a multi-billion dollar industry Much of a fan or participants time and money is devoted to their sport or team. Def – the administration and management of a large number and variety of sport, fitness, and recreation programs Focuses mainly on the business 5 basic programming areas: Instructional sports – teach skills, rules and strategies in a non academic environment Informal sports – self-directed participation focused on fun and fitness Intramural sport – structured sports (leagues/tournaments) conducted in a particular setting Extramural sports structured sports between winners of intramural programs Club sports – groups of participants that organize because of a common interest Trends. Funding Legal Aspects Sport Facilities Technology Sport Facilities Technology Health – a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease Wellness Def The condition of good physical and mental health, especially when maintained by proper diet, exercise, and habits Genetics Race or ethnicity Access to health care 4. Environment 6 wellness dimensions: Physical Wellness Intellectual Wellness Emotional Wellness Social Wellness Environmental Wellness Spiritual Wellness.

An Analysis of Jack Londons To Build A Fire :: London To Build a Fire Essays

An Analysis of Jack London's To Build A Fire Charles E. May, Author of the article "To Build A Fire': Physical Fiction and Metaphysical Critics" was giving his psychological criticism on the Jack London short story. May was elaborating on the naturalistic behavior of man versus nature when it comes to survival. May's article suggests that the protagonist in the story did not only have a psychological discovery but a "simple physical discovery that self is body only"(23). In the story, "To Build A Fire", the protagonist has to accept that he was not invincible, but a human with a weakness. The man may have been psychologically apt in his own eye but weak against nature and the physical elements. The protagonist displayed defiance in authority when he "laughed" (152) at the advice of the Old-Timer on Sulphur Creek when he told him how cold it gets in the country. The protagonist felt he had everything under control when he made the first fire to keep warm in spite of the numbness of his fingers. The test of egos and wills began to surface when the man was ready to move on and the dog wanted to stay near the fire. However, just as "there was no keen intimacy between the dog and the man"(152) the dog would be the protagonist constant companion until the man's death. The man had to accept that the "fire provider had failed"(156) when he did not have control of his frozen fingers or the building of the fire. Nature had defeated him. The id in the protagonist wanted to kill the dog to keep himself warm. But the ego along with the man's inability to "neither draw nor hold his sheath knife"(157) caused him not to be able to kill the dog. The aura of death was prevalent. Realizing that he no longer had dominion over his own body as well as accepting his making a "fool of himself"(158) he had to accept the inevitable. Not only did he have to accept death, he had to acknowledge that the Old-Timer was right when warning him about traveling alone. Ironically, while the man was dying, he was angry at the dog because of its natural warmth, instincts that he had, and the survival skills that the dog used.

Describe Gender Roles at Work and in the Home Essay

Males and females have always had different gender roles and these roles have an impact on the workplace and home. However there are also some disadvantages for both of them. This essay will describe gender roles at work and in the home with reference to Japan. Firstly, many women are distressed by the balance between home and work. They face â€Å"role overload† ,which means trying to merge the roles of worker and mother or wife. When both spouses work outside, women tend to do the â€Å"lion’s share† of the housework. For example, an Australian research showed that working women do roughly 70 hours of housework while working husbands only do approximately 31 hours. In Japan many women work fulltime share the housework with their spouse. However there are still some women who work both at home and at the work place and still experience â€Å"role overload. † Secondly, many men also experience challenges with gender roles. While they are less likely to suffer from prejudice, there are more disadvantages than advantages. For example, many men tend to experience stress from the pressure to make money, the situation employment, and social expectations. In Japan, many men experience these problems as well as the responsibility to earn a good salary. However the current financial crisis makes difficult for them to keep their position and workplace. Thirdly, a lot of women are confronted with inequality at work. Nowadays their rights have become much better than in the past and therefore gender equality is guarded in many places by laws. As a result, most women can get higher salaries than before. However inequality at work still remains and even though men and women have the same qualifications or skills, women still earn lower salaries and have lower status. For example, many of their jobs are inferior to men’s jobs and they do not have opportunities to get higher positions because of the â€Å"glass ceiling. † In Japan, women’s rights have improved and many can get higher positions, like cabinet ministers in the Japanese government. However for some women this problem still continues. In conclusion, many workplace rights have become much better than in the past and many women can get good salaries and positions. However both spouses still experience â€Å"role overload† and pressure to earn money. When these problems are dealt with, people’s lives will improve in the future.

Obesity; Root Cause Of Many Diseases.

Obesity is a medical condition in which excess of fat has accumulated in the body and may give rise to health problems. A person is obese when his body mass index is above 30 kg/m2. Body mass index is ratio of an individual’s weight and height, and can be calculated by dividing person’s weight with square of his height. The most commonly used measure of weight status is body mass index, or BMI. Years of research have shown that BMI provides good estimate of â€Å"fatness† and correlates well with important health outcomes. For adult men and women healthy BMI falls between 18 to 25 kg/m2 .Overweight is defined as a BMI between 25 and 30; and obesity a BMI of 30 or higher. So it is important tool for clinicians trying to screen to determine who may be at risk because of carrying around too much weight for their height. More or less every region of world is facing this problem. Once a problem of wealthy nations, obesity now impacts countries at all economic levels, bringing with it a wave of ill health and lost productivity. Worldwide rate of obesity doubled since 1980, with just over 200 million adult men and just under 300 million adult women obese.Of all high-income countries, the United States has the highest rate of overweight and obesity, with fully a third of population obese, a rate projected to rise around 50 percent by 2030. Obesity is also on the rise in South Asian countries including Pakistan. According to Forbes, Pakistan is ranked 165 (out of 194 countries), with 22. 2% of individuals crossing the threshold of obesity. In Pakistan the highest concentration of the obese lies in the big cities as compared to the rural countryside. At the other times in history obesity was considered as sign of wealth and prosperity, as mankind suffered scarcity of food in the past.But now obesity has been declared as a disease by American Medical Association. Whether or not it is considered a disease, it is also an important risk factor for many c hronic diseases. Obesity is associated with many chronic heart diseases such as angina, myocardial infarction (heart attack), high blood pressure, deep vein thrombosis and more. A 2002 study concluded that 21% of ischemic heart disease is due to obesity, while a 2008 European consensus puts the number at 35%. Obesity has been cited as the main cause of high blood pressure.The risk of hypertension (high blood pressure) is five times higher in the obese as compared to those of normal weight. A definitive link between obesity and hypertension has been found using animal and clinical studies, which have suggested that there are multiple mechanisms for obesity induced hypertension. People who are overweight are at much greater risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus than normal weight individuals . Being overweight puts extra pressure on body’s ability to control blood glucose using insulin and therefore makes it much more likely for you to develop diabetes.Almost 90% of peopl e with type 2 diabetes mellitus are overweight. Many respiratory system diseases may be outcome of obesity such as asthma, obstructive sleep apnea etc. Obesity may be associated with variety of reproductive system diseases for example polycystic ovarian syndrome, infertility, birth defects, intra-uterine fetal death etc. Gastrointestinal diseases such as gastroesophageal reflux disease, gall stone, fatty liver are predominant in the overweight. Many types of cancers occur with increased frequency in those who are overweight or obese.A study from United Kingdom showed that 5% of cancer is due to excess weight. Certain neurological conditions are also attributed to increased body weight. Apart from associated morbidity and mortality, obesity has many social and economic implications as well. The obese are often subject of ridicule as a result they suffer from depression and lose self-confidence. Obesity reduces man-power thus incurs economic loss. A combination of excessive food energ y intake, lack of exercise is thought to cause most cases of obesity.A limited number of cases are primarily due to genetics, medical reasons and psychiatric illnesses. In contrast, increasing rates of obesity at societal level are felt to be due to easily accessible and palatable diet, increased reliance on cars and mechanized manufacturing. Food energy is calculated in terms of calories, excess of calories when taken are stored in body in the form of fat. Thus energy dense foods increase body fat by supplying extra of calories and ultimately lead to obesity.Sweetened beverages and fast food meals provide more calories than required and are most important contributing factors for obesity in United States and European countries. Lack of regular physical exercise plays significant role in obesity. Worldwide there has been shift to less physically demanding work, significant portion of world’s population doesn’t get sufficient exercise. This is mainly due to invention of machines that save much of the hard work in every field. Obesity may be result of many genetic and environmental factors, as it tends persist in certain families due to inheritance of defective genes.Experts have related increased body weight in children with their time spent on watching television; more they spent their time watching television more they are prone to obesity. Obesity is sometimes clinical feature of some diseases for example Cohen syndrome, Prader Willi syndrome etc. Proper diet and physical exercise has been mainstay of long term management of the obesity. Fiber diet such as wheat, corn and certain vegetables help maintain healthy weight. Regular physical exercise burns extra calories, thus prevents excessive deposition of fat in the body tissues.Certain drugs and surgical procedures are also known to treat obesity, but are less preferred. It is clear that obesity is root cause of many diseases such as angina, myocardial infarction, hypertension, diabetes mellitu s and many more. Once it was prevalent in affluent nations, now it is problem of all nations of the world. Obesity results from high energy foods such as sweetened beverages, fast food meals. It may also result from sedentary life style and other genetic and environmental factors. Obesity can be managed by taking proper diet and regular physical exercise.

Kubla Khan by Samuel Taylor Coleridge asks the ultimate question - how great is the power of imagination, and answers it, with simple but poignant words, Beware! Beware!

Kubla Khan by Samuel Taylor Coleridge asks the ultimate question - how great is the power of imagination, and answers it, with simple but poignant words, Beware! Beware! Kingdom of Imagination, Kubla Khan Be Thy Ruler"Kubla Khan" by Samuel Taylor Coleridge is one of the most celebrated and debated works, poems and other, from the Romantic period in English Literature. Coleridge wrote this piece in the period from 1797 to 1798. It is largely speculated that this verse was induced by a drug slumber during which he dreamt up what he wrote about later. Many critics and readers argue to this day about the hidden and not-so-hidden meanings and intentions behind this poem, and even fewer agree about the especially enigmatic ending Coleridge chose for his masterpiece. Coleridge's self-admitted inspiration for this poem was a drug induced slumber caused by opium, from which a man from Porlock rudely woke him up . This drug-induced hallucination, with such techniques as paradoxical imagery, juxtaposition of details and irony, asks the ultimate question - how great is the power of imagination, and answers it, with simple but poignant words, "Beware! Beware!"Col eridge's exploration of the imagination begins first with paradoxical imagery, often natural, but also man-made, out worldily beautiful and impossible.English: Titlepage of Kubla Khan.Coleridge writes, "I would build that dome in air, /That sunny dome! those caves of ice!" He uses both sunny and ice imagery to put together an impossible picture of warmth and coldness, the sun and ice. The sun stands for summer, a time for warmth and growth, of joy and carelessness, while ice carries a harsher drearier overtone. While sun is warm and welcoming, ice is usually beautiful but uninviting, gracious, but emotionally unwelcome. Coleridge's imagination puts sun and ice, whose individual connotations are opposite when used together, to describe an image that is amazing and incredible. This image draws the foundation for this mystical story, a backdrop that serves as the mental base for all assumptions about...

The League of Nations

The League of Nations The League of Nations was an international organization that existed between 1920 and 1946. Headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, the League of Nations vowed to promote international cooperation and preserve global peace. The League achieved some success, but it ultimately was unable to prevent the even deadlier World War II. The League of Nations was the predecessor to todays more effective United Nations. Goals of the Organization World War I (1914-1918) had caused the deaths of at least 10 million soldiers and millions of civilians. The Allied victors of the war wanted to form an international organization that would prevent another horrific war. American President Woodrow Wilson was especially instrumental in formulating and advocating the idea of a League of Nations. The League arbitrated disputes between member countries in order to peacefully preserve sovereignty and territorial rights. The League encouraged countries to reduce their amount of military weapons. Any country that resorted to war would be subject to economic sanctions such as a halt to trade. Member Countries   The League of Nations was founded in 1920 by forty-two countries. At its height in 1934 and 1935, the League had 58 member countries. The member countries of the League of Nations spanned the globe and included most of Southeast Asia, Europe, and South America. At the time of the League of Nations, nearly all of Africa consisted of colonies of Western powers. The United States never joined the League of Nations because the largely isolationist Senate refused to ratify the Leagues charter. The official languages of the League were English, French, and Spanish. Administrational Structure The League of Nations was administrated by three main bodies. The Assembly, composed of representatives from all member countries, met annually and discussed the priorities and budget of the organization. The Council was composed of four permanent members (Great Britain, France, Italy, and Japan) and several non-permanent members who were elected by the permanent members every three years. The Secretariat, led by a Secretary-General, monitored many of the humanitarian agencies described below. Political Success The League of Nations was successful in preventing several small wars. The League negotiated settlements to territorial disputes between Sweden and Finland, Poland and Lithuania, and Greece and Bulgaria. The League of Nations also successfully administered the former colonies of Germany and the Ottoman Empire, including Syria, Nauru, and Togoland, until they were ready for independence. Humanitarian Success   The League of Nations was one of the worlds first humanitarian organizations. The League created and directed several agencies that were meant to improve the living conditions of the worlds people. The League: aided refugeestried to end slavery and the drug tradeset standards on working conditionsconstructed better transportation and communications networksgave financial assistance and advice to some member countriesadministered the Permanent Court of International Justice (precursor to todays International Court of Justice)tried to prevent malnutrition and diseases such as leprosy and malaria (precursor to todays World Health Organization)promoted culture preservation and scientific advancement (precursor to todays UNESCO). Political Failures The League of Nations was unable to enforce many of its own regulations because it did not have a military. The League did not stop several of the most significant events that led to World War II. Examples of League of Nations failures include: the 1935 invasion of Ethiopia by Italythe annexation of the Sudetenland and Austria by Germanythe invasion of Manchuria (the northeastern Chinese province) by Japan in 1932 The Axis countries (Germany, Italy, and Japan) withdrew from the League because they refused to comply with the Leagues order to not militarize. The End of the Organization The members of the League of Nations knew that many changes within the organization had to occur after World War II. The League of Nations was disbanded in 1946. An improved international organization, the United Nations, was carefully discussed and formed, based on many of the political and social goals of the League of Nations. Lessons Learned The League of Nations had the diplomatic, compassionate goal of generating permanent international stability, but the organization was unable to avert conflicts which would ultimately change human history. Thankfully the worlds leaders realized the Leagues shortcomings and reinforced its objectives in the modern-day successful United Nations.

Persuasive Research Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Persuasive Research Paper - Essay Example The idea of tabula rasa does not exist for them. Nurture theories, on the contrary, maintain that how people develop their children will determine the latter’s future. This paper argues that the environment is stronger than genetics in developing positive behaviors among children, even to the point of reducing genetic risks for negative behaviors. High quality early childhood education can nurture social and intellectual skills. Votruba-Drzal et al. studied the role of early education and child care experiences in influencing middle childhood behaviors for low-income children. They employed data from the Three-City Study, which is a longitudinal study that gets information about low-income children and families, using different data-collection methods. The Three-City Study investigates the effects of particular social welfare reforms on these children. Votruba-Drzal et al. provide findings, which show that high-quality early childhood care helped children develop less behavior problems, by the time they reach middle childhood. They notice that when children belong to more responsive, supportive, and well-designed early child care settings, they did not externalize bad behaviors, by the time they were middle-school students. Votruba-Drzal et al. stress that the results are predominantly salient for boys and African American ch ildren. A personal experience also shows that high-quality early child care results to positive behaviors. An uncle, three years back, complained of his two-year old son, Jimmy, who was very aggressive and naughty. Uncle Carlisle was already thinking that maybe it is his karma, since he was a very naughty boy before also. He enrolled Jimmy in a high-quality child care center that other parents referred him to. After one year after, Jimmy exhibited less aggression and became more sociable and obedient. Another example is a friend, who thought that her daughter has learning problems. At the age of two, she has very

Indiana State Museum Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Indiana State Museum - Essay Example The facility has an effective design that takes into consideration the unique security requirement of the artifacts. The museum receives an average of two and a half million visitors a year. This is a great number requiring effective planning and management to minimize harm. Some of the preservatives used on the artifacts are harmful especially if brought into contact with a human. Additionally, most of these preservatives would pollute the environment if exposed to the atmosphere. The facility, therefore, encloses most of their artifacts in glass enclosures reinforced by ultraviolet lights whose trespass triggers an alarm. This, therefore, acts a security both to the environment and for the expensive artifacts. Environmental conservation is the greatest concern to the twenty-first century pre modern society. Established economies produce a lot of carbon monoxide into the atmosphere resulting in the extension of the ozone layer. This promises a number of life-threatening consequences . Already climatic changes are rife in a number of regions in and around the United States of America. The indigenous trees have some of the best mechanisms for consuming the excess carbon monoxide from the environment. The government, therefore, needs to invest in its tree cover. The Indiana state museum takes a personal initiative to preserve the environment the best way it can. Its property is effectively planned to minimize pollution through conservation of water points and the indigenous trees (Price 101).

Planning an IT Infrastructure Audit for Compliance Term Paper - 1

Planning an IT Infrastructure Audit for Compliance - Term Paper Example With such an evaluation, the company will be able to streamline the inter-company communication effectiveness and departmental communications (Newsom & Haynes, J. 2014. P66). Planning, the IT audit, entails gathering information to formulate an audit plan and to gain insight of the available internal control structure of the IT. The Planning and IT infrastructure audit is a valuable practice to local and global organizations. The audit planning process directly affects the quality of the outcome. A proper plan ensures that resources are focused on the right areas and that potential problems are identified early. A successful audit first outlines what’s supposed to be achieved as well as what procedures will be followed and the required resources to carry out the procedures. The information to be collected is regulatory statutes, inherent risk assessment, recent financial information, and past audit results. Besides the auditors will require to avail information such as control procedures, equate total risks, control risk assessment, and control environment to gain an understanding of the present internal control structure. With all this prior audit information, auditors will be in a position to formulate a useful audit plan. The audit plan must details the time and cost required to execute IT infrast ructure audit. It also needs to show the different areas and activities to be engaged during IT auditing process. The scope of planning and IT infrastructure audit: Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA) is a Canadian IT organization that manages and controls the IT infrastructure of two government organizations. It also provides auditing and IT security services to various digital organizations in Canada. CBSA performs frequent IT infrastructure audit to appraise how effective and efficient the organization execute it operations and activities. Goals and objectives of

Philosophy of artificial intelligence

Philosophy of artificial intelligence State and explain Lucass argument against the possibility of AI. what do you think is the best reply to Lucas argument? GÃ ¶del suggested that the mind was a computerised mechanism. He suggested that the mind was merely a formulation of logic that was associated with a system and structure of language as representative of the world. This implied that intelligence was a learning process that was based upon accepting and rejecting hypothesis about the world through a set of formula that was deemed either provable or un-provable within the system of logic (GÃ ¶del, 1934). This idea was backed up by cognitive research based upon the human capacity and nature of learning. Bruner et al, devised a test to see how it was the human mind constructed categories of logic, believing it to be by way of GÃ ¶del’s hypothesis acceptance and rejection (Bruner et al, 1956). He used a variety of shapes in a variety of conditions some sharing the same number of shapes, some sharing the same colour of shapes and some sharing the same number of borders surrounding the shapes. From the results of his experiment, B runer claimed that ther were two forms of learning that were apparent. These were regarded as successive scanning, which entertained one hypothesis at a time and conservative scanning, which sought to eliminate classes of hypotheses such as border, number of shapes and colour similarity and dissimilarity (Bruner et al, 1956). This growing belief in the mind as a mathematic translator of the meaning of experience provided the foundation for Turing who surmised that artificial intelligence was a form of intelligence that could learn according to the coded principles of mathematic equations and could be understood as mimicry of human behaviour. He subsequently suggested that responses through a rejection and acceptance of truths that accords to the conceptual framework were all that the human mind consisted of. This idea of the mind as a programmed agent, rejecting the truths of logical and mathematic equations was fundamental to GÃ ¶del. To GÃ ¶del, the structural reality that an in telligent being saw before i implied that Artificial intelligence could be created in accordance to that structure and that human life, or perhaps experiential living, was merely a reaction to certain stimuli based upon a structural code of predetermined logic just as it is with a computer simulation. Unhappy at this model of the cognitive mind or with the notion of intelligence as being founded upon formula and theorem, J.R. Lucas, argued that GÃ ¶dels theorem posed many problems in his view that the mind was like a computer. Speaking of the limitations that the quantitative artificial brain may encounter in terms of acceptance and un-acceptance of certain truths according to its programming, Lucas suggested that ‘All that GÃ ¶del has proved is that a mind cannot produce a formal proof of the consistency of a formal system inside the system itself: but there is no objection to going outside the system and no objection to producing informal arguments for the consistency either of a formal system or of something less formal and less systematized. Such informal arguments will not be able to be completely formalized: but then the whole tenor of GÃ ¶dels results is that we ought not to ask, and cannot obtain, complete formalization.’ (Lucas, 1961) Rationale was provided for Lucas’s approach with the development of the Chinese room experiment by Searle. Searle indicated that even though an artificial intelligence could recognise, incorporate and subsequently mimic the external behaviours required to appear human (or emotionally intelligent) that this did not necessarily indicate any evidence of an awareness of what this behaviour meant or symbolised to other humans in essence, it did not understand the true human meaning. He used the example of an English speaking human going inside the mechanical mind of a robot and using certain symbols as a coded ’representative’ for the instruction of an unknown language i.e. Chinese (Searle, 1980). He then indicated that although the human had a form of code to illicit a response to the language of Chinese he did not actually know what the meaning or significance of what he was doing related to. Essentially, it was simply a response according toa pre programmed code. Following this criticisms of artificial intelligence as a mechanical process involving a pre programmed innate knowledge of the environment and of human behaviour which had led to Searle‘s Chinese room experiment, Lucas reasoned that, ‘Complexity often does introduce qualitative differences. Although it sounds implausible, it might turn out that above a certain level of complexity, a machine ceased to be predictable, even in principle, and started doing things on its own account, or, to use a very revealing phrase, it might begin to have a mind of its own. It might begin to have a mind of its own. It would begin to have a mind of its own when it was no longer entirely predictable and entirely docile, but was capable of doing things which we recognized as intelligent, and not just mistakes or random shots, but which we had not programmed into it.’ (Lucas, 1961) This seems to define what is human and what is machine. For Lucas, he does not dispute the theoretical idea that artificial intelligence can become as like humans. However, he does make the distinction between a mechanical automaton and an autonomous mind that thinks free of systematic code that perceives experience through an acceptance of logical truths and rejection of unfounded abstraction. Bringing into context the notion of the human mind as being a determinant for the structure of knowledge rather than a logical interpreter of that knowledge, Lucas reasoned that if, unlike Turing had suggested, a mechanical mind could begin to think free of it‘s programmed code then, ‘It would cease to be a machine, within the meaning of the act. What is at stake in the mechanist debate is not how minds are, or might be, brought into being, but how they operate. It is essential for the mechanist thesis that the mechanical model of the mind shall operate according to mechanical principles, that is, that we can understand the operation of the whole in terms of the operations of its parts, and the operation of each part either shall be determined by its initial state and the construction of the machine, or shall be a random choice between a determinate number of determinate operations’ (Lucas, 1961) However, although his argument backed up by Searle’s Chinese room experiment gave reasonable rationale for a rejection of a mechanical intelligence based upon the ability of the subject to see outside of a logical structure, which was not necessarily pre determined or pre programmed, it did accord to the sentimental notion of liberal humanity. In reaction to this notion French philosopher Jean Baudrillard noted some crucial factors in the reality of humanities cultural condition that could be seen as contradicting this liberal freedom that Lucas prescribed. Suggesting that the current moral reality that figured as so crucial to Lucas’ rationale, was being replaced by ‘a hedonistic morality of pure satisfaction, like a new state of nature at the heart of hyper civilisation’ Baudrillard prescribed the notion of the hyper real as being a simulation that was beyond that of a logical code that applied to a structure of knowledge and instead deterred from idelogi cal frameworks that informed a notion of liberal humanity (Baudrillard, 1968, p.3). He suggested that, ‘A whole imagery based on contact, a sensory mimicry and a tactile mysticism, basically ecology in its entirety, comes to be grafted on to this universe of operational simulation, multi-stimulation and multi response. This incessant test of successful adaptation is naturalised by assimilating it to animal mimicry. , and even to the Indians with their innate sense of ecology tropisms, mimicry, and empathy: the ecological evangelism of open systems, with positive or negative feedback, will be engulfed in this breach, with an ideology of regulation with information that is only an avatar, in accordance of a more flexible patter.’ (Baudrillard, 1976, p.9) However, what Baudrillard does is implement the idea of a simulated code that works by replacing the notion of humanistic ideology that once informed the gap sophisticated and complex gap between the subject and the environment, such as social exchange and communal ideas. By doing this Baudrillard then shows gave example of how this simulated code informed a new humanity and shaped intelligence to be un-conformist to a life according to the meaning supported by the notion of humanity, but instead created an imaginary life that was understood and identified with by its relationship to the values apparent within an external code being communed essentially, placing life itself as a simulated relationship of the subject and his / her own choice of object. This meant that essentially the human emphasis on the mysteries of the human mind emphasised by Lucas were just as questionable and as determinist as the artificial intelligence that GÃ ¶del prescribed. This can be seen as the fundame ntaly crucial contemporary reply to Lucas’ argument for artificial intelligence. Bibliography Baudrillard, J., (1976) Symbolic Exchange and Death Taken from: The Order of Simulacra (1993) London: Sage. Bruner, J, S., Goodnow, J, J., and Austin, G, A., (1956) A Study of Thinking New York: John Wiley and Sons. GÃ ¶del (1934) Original Proof Applies Taken from his Lectures at the Institute of Advanced Study, New Jersey: Princeton. Lucas, J, R., (1961) Minds, Machines, and Godel Philosophy, 36, 112-127. Searle, J, R,. (1980) Minds, brains, and programs. Behavioural and Brain Sciences, 3, (3), 417-457. Turing, A, M., (1950) Computing Machinery and Intelligence, Mind, pp. 433-60, reprinted in The World of Mathematics, edited by James R. Newmann, pp. 2099-2123.

Vietnam :: essays research papers

Vietnam (và ª-à ¨t ¹nà ¤m ¹), officially Socialist Republic of Vietnam, republic (1990 est. pop. 65,500,000), 128,401 sq mi (332,559 sq km), SE Asia, bordered by Cambodia and Laos (W), China (N), and the South China Sea (E, S). Major cities are HANOI (the capital) and HO CHI MINH CITY (formerly Saigon). The terrain is generally rugged; the two principal regions, the Red R. delta in the north and the Mekong R. delta in the south, are linked by a narrow, mountainous strip. Agriculture, primarily the growing of rice, is the basis of the economy, engaging more than 80% of the work force; Vietnam is a major rice exporter. Peanuts, corn, cassava, and sweet potatoes, and beans are also grown for subsistence; cash crops include cotton, jute, coffee, and tea. Fishing is also important. Mining, particularly of coal, heavy industry, and most of the timber resources are concentrated in the north. Offshore petroleum deposits have been developed, and crude oil is exported. About 80% of the population are Vietnamese. Significant minorities include highland tribal peoples such as the Nungs and Meos and Cambodians and Thais. Large numbers of ethnic Chinese fled the country after a border clash with China in 1979. Buddhism and Roman Catholicism are practiced, but religion is discouraged by the government. History. The area that is now Vietnam is composed of the historic regions of TONKIN, ANNAM, and COCHIN CHINA. European traders arrived in the early 16th cent. The French captured Saigon in 1859, organized the colony of Cochin China in 1867, and declared protectorates over Tonkin and Annam in 1884. The three were merged with Cambodia in 1887 to form French INDOCHINA. A nationalist movement arose in the early 20th cent., gaining momentum during the Japanese occupation in WORLD WAR II. After the Japanese withdrew in 1945 the VIET MINH, a coalition of nationalists and Communists, established a republic headed by HO CHI MINH. French attempts to reassert control and establish BAO DAI as emperor resulted in the French Indochina War (1946–54), which ended with the French defeat at DIENBIENPHU. At the Geneva Conference of 1954 Vietnam was provisionally divided, pending nationwide free elections, into Communist North Vietnam and nationalist South Vietnam. Fearing a Communist victory, the regime of Ngo Dinh DIEM refused to hold the scheduled elections and declared the south an independent republic in 1955. The VIETNAM WAR ensued, with the U.S. aiding South Vietnam. A cease-fire was signed and U.S. troops withdrawn in 1973, but the Communists overran the south in 1975, reunifying (1976) the country. The regime launched a large-scale resettlement and reeducation program to suppress continued opposition in the south.

Forward Software Essay

Forward Software, Inc. is a software company potentially facing a copyright infringement lawsuit. The spreadsheet product Forward sells includes an optional menu navigation system identical to that of Focus Software, the original developer of the menu system. Forward’s spreadsheet product currently dominates the market. Focus Software is currently suing a smaller software company that has also used this identical menu system in their spreadsheet software. It is believed that based on the outcome of this pending lawsuit, Forward Software, Inc. may also be sued. Forward has to decide between offering Focus an unsolicited settlement prior to the pending trial’s conclusion or waiting for the outcome and possibly facing litigation. To do this, Forward needs to determine the optimal decision strategy to take and how much the strategy is expected to cost. The hiring of an outside law firm that may be able to provide a prediction of the company’s success in winning a trial must also be considered, as well as the maximum that should be paid for that service. Savings associated with hiring the firm need to be determined and analysis of the best decision strategy will also need to be done. Based on our analysis, the best strategy is to wait until the outcome of the pending lawsuit. If Focus wins that lawsuit and files a lawsuit against Forward, Forward should hire the law firm to conduct the proposed study for the lawsuit. Based on the law firm’s findings (predicted win, predicted loss, can’t predict) Forward will have to decide to go to trial or settle out of court. The results show that unless the firm can make the prediction that Focus would likely win the lawsuit, Focus should settle out of court. The expected costs of this strategy range between $9 – $12.8 million dollars. This includes expected costs associated with hiring the firm. The maximum amount that should be paid for hiring the firm is $1.14 million. If the firm could accurately predict the outcome of the Forward versus Focus case, Forward could expect to save $2.4 million. A decision tree was constructed to determine the best strategy for Forward. This approach was chosen as there were many decisions and states of nature to consider and chronology was important. The decision tree allowed for evaluation in a chronological pattern. In determining the optimal strategy, analysis was performed to determine if it is best to settle now or wait on the verdict of a pending trial, whether to hire or not hire a law firm if sued, and also to determine the value of information that could be provided. Our analysis is as follows -Settle Now or Wait? The optimal strategy indicates that it best is to wait until the outcome of the pending trial. Following the optimal strategy, there is a probability of .64 that Focus will not have to make any payout, this is based highly on waiting on the outcome of the trial as there is a .60 probability that Focus will lose and not initiate a lawsuit. As the bulk of the non-payout probability is based on the out come of the current Focus case, this event was included in a sensitivity analysis of the overall strategy. The analysis was performed to assess how sensitive the strategy is to changes: in the probability of Focus winning its pending lawsuit (0-1); the probability of Forward winning a suit if brought (0-1); the maximum expected settlement if sued (+/-50%); the maximum expected judgment (+/-50%); and the cost of the firm’s research prediction (+/-100%). The torpedo graph below shows that the optimal path is influenced most highly by the probability of 1) Focus winning the pending suit and 2) the probability of Forward winning if sued. Of particular importance is the increase in cost (expected value) based on changes in the probability of the outcome of the pending Focus vs. Discount Software trial. The increase in expected cost to over $6 million indicates that the decision to wait or offer settlement prior to the pending suit’s outcome changed. To determine the point at which the strategy changed base on the probability of the current suit’s outcome, a second sensitivity analysis was performed focusing on this event. The strategy region chart below indicates that the decision to wait or settle now changes if there is a chance great than 67% that Focus will win its pending suit. As there is currently only a 40% chance given to Focus winning its pending trial, the recommended strategy of waiting for the outcome should be followed. (Though Forward should confirm the probabilities assigned to this event.) Do or Don’t Hire a Firm? Should Sam hire this law firm to do a study for the lawsuit and what is the maximum amount of money Sam should pay for the service? Important considerations in determining whether to hire the firm include the value of the information the firm can provide and the cost for this information. To determine the value of the information provided by the firm, expected costs of making the decision with and without the firm’s (free) information must be compared. Without the law firm’s analysis, Forward’s expected cost is $12.1 million. With the firm’s analysis, Forward’s expected cost is reduced to $10.96 million. (This figure assumes the information is provided for free.) The difference in the expected cost with and without the information is $1.14 million. This is the value of the information the firm can provide and is also the maximum amount Forward should pay for the service. If the law firm could accurately predict the outcome of the Forward versus Focus case, how much money can he expect to save? If the firm was able to accurately predict a win or loss, this would be considered perfect information. The expected cost in this case is $9.7 million. The difference between this expected cost and the expected cost of proceeding without the firm’s perfect information ($12.1 million) is $2.4 million. This is the amount Forward could expect to save if the firm was able to accurately predict the outcome of the Forward versus Focus case.

Case Study on Adolescent Sexual Abuse Essay

Elias is a five year old Mexican American male who has recently been referred to the community counseling center due to the exposure of sexual abuse by his stepfather. Elias was a client of this community center approximately 18 months earlier. Elias had been referred for poor impulse control and hyperactivity. At that time he was diagnosed as having Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). He also met with the agency psychiatrist who had prescribed Elias Focalin. His cased was closed after only a few sessions due to the family’s inconsistency and withdrawal from services. At this point in time Elias has been attending his sessions with his mother and baby brother. Stepfather’s whereabouts are unknown and he has not had any contact with the family since the abuse was exposed. Elias has returned to taking Focalin, since he failed to continue taking his medication after withdrawing from services. However, there have been no changes noted in his behavior since he has begun to take the medication. The psychiatrist believes that this may be due to the low dosage he has prescribed Elias and because of such, the psychiatrist has opted to slowly increase the dosage and closely monitor any changes. The clinician notes that Elias is extremely hyperactive and exhibits minimal impulse control. Other than his high levels of restlessness, Elias shows no observable signs or symptoms of reaction to the sexual abuse. When clinician has attempted to process with Elias about the abuse or his feelings about the abuse, Elias has changed the subject or ignored the clinician all together. Mother states that she has noticed no changes in his behavior since the abuse was discovered. Practice Effectiveness Questions  The special population in discussion is children, the social problems in focus are sexual abuse and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which leads the target client group to be children who have experienced sexual abuse and have been diagnosed with ADHD. Our client is Elias who is a child, who has experienced sexual abuse and is diagnosed with ADHD. For the purposes of this discussion our practice effectiveness questions are: 1) What are effective interventions for children who have been sexually abused? and 2) What are effective interventions for children who have been diagnosed with ADHD? Search Description Procedures The databases utilized for this search were: Google Scholar, Social Work Abstracts, Child Welfare Information Gateway, Academic Search Complete, Professional Development Collection, PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO, SocINDEX with Full Text Sociological Collection, Academic Search Premier, and JSTOR. It was also helpful to review the journal entitled Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment for relevant articles. While searching the aforementioned databases, the following keywords were utilized: ‘sexual abuse and ADHD’, ‘sexual abuse and interventions’, sexual abuse and co-morbidity’, ‘ADHD and co-morbidity’, ‘children and sexual abuse’, ‘sexual abuse and interventions. ’ All articles selected were peer reviewed, found in scholarly journals, and published within the last ten years. In searching for relevant articles regarding treatment of sexual abuse, most articles addressed interventions designed to treat perpetrators of child sexual abuse; a few articles were uncovered that discussed treating adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse. Fewer still were articles that identified interventions for children who are recent or current victims of sexual abuse. In order to find information relevant to our target client group, we began pulling sources from reference pages of relevant articles which provided more focused research relevant to treatment of children who have experienced sexual abuse. Results The result of our exhaustive search of available literature led us to identify eight articles to focus on. Out of these articles, four dealt specifically with children who have experienced sexual abuse, two focused on abuse of children which included physical abuse along with sexual abuse, two were focused primarily on ADHD, four focused on co-morbidity of either post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or ADHD and sexual abuse, and four specifically discussed treatments and interventions. Half of the selected articles were literature reviews while the remaining four were reporting from the standpoint of a primary source on research studies of treatments and interventions. The research studies varied in their sampling and control or comparison groups; only two studies were able to utilize a true experimental design with random assignment of study participants to control and experimental groups. The literature reviews provided an extensive overview of relevant studies and interventions from a secondary source standpoint. The eight identified sources provided an assortment of research-based perspectives as well as a sampling of evidence based on authority by those who reviewed the literature and discussed their findings in literature reviews. Research Findings Description of Articles In the article Sexually Abused Children Suffering from PTSD: Assessment and Treatment Strategies by David Heyne, Neville J. King, Paul Mullen, Nicole Myerson, Thomas H. Ollendick, Stephanie Rollings, and Bruce T. Tonge states that sexual abuse of children is a major societal problem because of its high prevalence and devastating impact on the victimized child. Children who have been sexually abused often demonstrate anxiety, depressive moods, improper sexual behaviors, nightmares, social withdrawal, sleep difficulties, anger, shame/guilt and school problems. The authors did diagnostic interviewing with their participants. The authors interviewed thirty six children and sixty nine percent were primarily diagnosed with PTSD. Within the thirty six children four of the children with full PTSD had no other diagnoses. Nine had one co morbid diagnoses, ten had two co morbid diagnoses, and two had three co morbid diagnoses. PTSD is not always prevalent and at times other emotional and behavioral problems are prevalent. In fact, many studies confirm that on clinical evaluation a large proportion of sexually abused children meet diagnostic criteria for PTSD (Heyne, at el. , 2003). This particular article showed that often there are other diagnoses that go along with PTSD but in an article by Peggy T. Ackerman, Roscoe A. Dykman, Jerry G. Jones, W. Brian McPherson, and Joseph E. O. Newton, did research on groups that have been affected sexual, physically abused, or both. The article Prevalence of PTSD and Other Psychiatric Diagnosis in Three Groups of Abused Children (Sexual, Physical, and Both) was a study done with children that are sexually and or physically abused. Fortunately, many children who are victims of horrifying events do not develop PTSD or other psychiatric disorders (Ackerman at el. 1998). Very little is known as to why some victimized children do and others do not develop psychiatric disorders. Even such basic variables as gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, intelligence, and age at time of trauma, have been inadequately studied. They were in a large children’s hospital in which sexual and or physically abused children were referred. The groups were divided into three, sexually and physically abused and both. Through the finding there were more boys who were physically abused and girls who were sexually abused. Anxiety and behavior disorders were more frequent than mood disorders. In concordance with clinical observation, abused boys, regardless of type abuse, had higher rates of behavioral disorders and abused girls had higher rates of two internalizing disorders: separation anxiety (caregiver reports) and phobic disorder (child report) (Ackerman at el. , 1998). Studies show most clearly that children who have been jointly physically and sexually abused are at greatest risk for psychiatric disturbance. There are many different treatment interventions one can go through to minimize PTSD and attention deficient disorders. Maryka Biaggio, Darlene Staffelbach, Dan Weinstein wrote the article ADHD and PTSD: Differential Diagnosis in Childhood Sexual Abuse which shows different interventions used for victimized children. Treatment interventions for ADHD children predominantly consist of behavior management, social skills training, and stimulant or other medication. Treatment interventions for children with PTSD generally consist of management and alleviation of emotional distress using play, psychodynamic and cognitive behavioral therapy modalities (Biaggio at el. 2000). Relaxation techniques and hypnosis have also been effective in treatment of PTSD in children. Misdiagnosis may lead clinicians to use inappropriate interventions for PTSD. Side effects experienced by ADHD children on stimulant medication may include difficulty falling asleep, lack of appetite, irritability, headaches, stomachaches, nausea, dizziness, tachycardia, muscle tics or twitches, slowed physical growth, and skin rashes (Biaggio at el. , 2000). Another undesired onsequence of ADHD misdiagnosis in SAC (sexual abused children) is the failure to address and treat the trauma symptoms of children who actually have PTSD. Given the risk of wrongly prescribing, untreated trauma, and negative impact on self-esteem for children misdiagnosed with ADHD, it is unfortunate little attention has been given to this issue (Biaggio at el. , 2000). Increased attention to clinical decision-making in the differential diagnosis of ADHD and PTSD may lead to more appropriate, beneficial, and timely interventions. Darcie) Allison M. Briscoe-Smith and Stephen P. Henshaw’s article entitled: Linkages between child abuse and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in girls: Behavioral and social correlates, was an excellent source to explore the relationship of sexual abuse and ADHD and begin to discuss the co-morbidity of these events for children. The article described a research study carried out with a sample of 228 females at a summer camp for girls with ADHD over a three year span. Each year cohort groups were created to identify the prevalence of abuse among girls diagnosed with ADHD and those who had not received a diagnosis of ADHD. Out of the twenty-four identified cases of abuse histories, twenty of these girls were diagnosed with ADHD, and of those abuse histories ten were sexual in nature which is much higher than any other form of maltreatment documented by the researchers. All girls who had abuse histories had a co-morbid diagnosis of Oppositional Defiance Disorder. The study found that girls with both ADHD and abuse histories were more likely to display externalizing behaviors and be negatively received by their peers. The study also analyzed the relationship between the prevalence of an abuse history and the rejection from peers and found aggression to partially mediate that relationship. The authors concluded that girls with ADHD were at increased risk of having abuse histories and questioned the accurate diagnosis of ADHD. It was suggested that the girls who had histories of abuse may more accurately be diagnosed with PTSD and/or share a co-morbid diagnosis with PTSD. Judith A. Cohen and Anthony P. Mannarino conducted a research study comparing two interventions to treat children who have been sexually abused; their findings were published in the article entitled: Interventions for Sexually Abused Children: Initial Treatment Outcome Findings. This article was one of few that specifically addressed interventions for children with the focus being treatment of sexual abuse. The sample consisted of 49 children between the ages of 7 and 14 who were randomly assigned to either sexual abuse specific cognitive behavioral therapy (SAS-CBT) or nondirective supportive therapy (NST) for a twelve week duration. The study found that children in the SAS-CBT group improved significantly in social competence and in the reduction of feelings of depression. Also, substantially higher percentages of children involved in SAS-CBT experienced what is considered clinically significant improvements. In regards to deterioration while in therapy, higher rates were found in children who received NST. For the safety of the other children in the groups, children who were consistently displaying repetitive extreme sexually inappropriate behaviors were removed from treatment groups; seven NST participants were removed from the study as compared to two children participating in SAS-CBT. Parental satisfaction with treatment was high in both treatment groups which either treatment modality. The clinical impressions of the authors conclude that sexual abuse specific cognitive behavioral therapy is superior to nondirective supportive therapy in the reduction of depressive symptoms. SAS-CBT was also favored due to the benefit of including parents in treatment (NST did not formally include parents). The authors also concluded that there is value and importance in providing a directive therapy technique in dealing with the effects of trauma caused by sexual abuse. Assessment of Evidence Implications of Evidence Interventions for sexual abused victim’s trauma may include based cognitive behavioral therapy, play therapy, parental involvement- parent training, behavioral therapy, coping skills training, psycho-education, and prevention awareness. PTSD interventions may include trauma based cognitive behavioral therapy, and play therapy. Attention deficit disorder can also be treated with behavioral management techniques, medication, social skills training, play therapy, parent training, behavioral classroom interventions and summer treatment programs. Many sexually abused children have other diagnosis along with PTSD and several possible co-morbid diagnosis are more than likely behavioral, but often can be confused with PTSD. When looking at interventions and treatments clinicians need to look at the client’s cultural background so that way we do not intrude on their lives.